To be effective, specific instances need to be representative of the broader trend or idea they are supporting. In a public speech, they offer audiences a way to see an idea illustrated in a particular case. Each can be an effective mode of building support for a reason or claim. Specific instances include examples, case studies, and narratives. Evidence answers challenges to the reasons given, and it comes in four main types: Scientific arguments about global warming require different kinds of evidence than mealtime arguments about Paul Newman's movies. Evidence comes in different sorts, and it tends to vary from one academic field or subject of argument to another. Passing those tests, however, does not insure that arguments are sound and compelling.Įvidence serves as support for the reasons offered and helps compel audiences to accept claims. If reasons do not make sense in the hypothetical challenge or the 'because' tests, there is probably something wrong with the logic of the argument. Everyone should stop wearing seat belts because it would save lives. Global warming is real because the most reputable science points in that direction.
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